Gun Safety Checklist

Whether you are a new firearm owner or an experienced one, regular attention to safety fundamentals is essential. This checklist covers the core practices recommended by law enforcement agencies, firearms instructors, and safety organizations across the United States.

The Four Universal Rules of Firearm Safety

These rules, taught in virtually every firearms safety course, form the foundation of safe gun handling. Following all four simultaneously prevents the vast majority of accidental discharges and injuries.

Treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Even if you believe a gun is unloaded, handle it with the same care as a loaded weapon. Always verify the condition of a firearm when you pick it up.
Never point a firearm at anything you are not willing to destroy. Be aware of where the muzzle is pointed at all times. This is often called "muzzle discipline."
Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Rest your index finger along the frame or slide, above the trigger guard. This is called "trigger discipline."
Be sure of your target and what is beyond it. Before firing, know what you are shooting at and what lies behind and around your target. Bullets can pass through targets and walls.

Safe Storage Checklist

Secure storage is one of the most effective ways to prevent unauthorized access, theft, and accidents — particularly in homes with children or at-risk individuals.

Store firearms unloaded with the action open or the cylinder swung out when not in use
Use a gun safe, lock box, or gun cabinet for all firearms in the home
Store ammunition separately from firearms, ideally in a locked container
Use a cable lock, trigger lock, or chamber lock as an additional layer of security
Keep safe combinations and keys away from children and unauthorized users
Verify storage security regularly — check that locks function and safes are properly bolted

For more details, see our Safe Storage Guide.

Home Safety Checklist

Talk to children about gun safety. Age-appropriate conversations reduce curiosity-driven handling. Programs like the NRA's Eddie Eagle teach children to "Stop, Don't Touch, Run Away, Tell a Grown-Up."
Ask about firearms before playdates. The ASK (Asking Saves Kids) campaign encourages parents to ask whether there are unsecured firearms in homes their children visit.
Secure firearms during gatherings. When guests, especially those with children, visit your home, verify that all firearms are locked and inaccessible.
Consider temporary off-site storage if a household member is experiencing a mental health crisis. Many gun shops and law enforcement agencies offer temporary storage programs.

Transport Safety Checklist

Unload firearms before transport. Remove all ammunition from the chamber and magazine.
Use a locked case. Transport firearms in a locked hard-sided case, separate from ammunition.
Know your state and local laws. Transport regulations vary significantly between states. Check requirements for every jurisdiction you will pass through.
Store out of sight. Keep cased firearms in the trunk or a locked compartment, not on seats or in plain view.

Range and Handling Safety

Always wear eye and ear protection when shooting
Know how to operate your firearm before loading it — read the manual, take a course
Use the correct ammunition. Verify that the caliber matches what is stamped on the barrel or slide
If a firearm fails to fire, keep it pointed in a safe direction, wait 30 seconds, then carefully unload it
Never use firearms under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medications that impair judgment
Maintain your firearms. Clean and inspect them regularly according to the manufacturer's instructions

Emergency Preparedness

Know the signs of suicidal crisis. Temporarily removing or securing firearms is a proven strategy for reducing suicide risk. Call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for help.
Keep emergency numbers accessible. See our Crisis Hotlines page for a complete list.
Take a first aid course that includes trauma and bleeding control

Training and Education

Safety is a skill that improves with practice and instruction. We recommend all firearm owners complete at least one formal safety course. See our Training Programs guide for options near you.